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21 May 2026

When your charity’s beneficiaries become trustees

News & insights

When your charity’s beneficiaries become trustees

For charities who want to improve decision-making and service quality involving beneficiaries (users) at board level can be beneficial. However, it requires careful structuring to ensure governance remains robust and decision-making remains objective.

Although the Charity Commission has withdrawn Users on board: beneficiaries who become trustees (CC24) with the more general guidance contained within Finding and appointing new trustees (CC30), which focused on the benefits and considerations around involving users at board level, the underlying principles remain embedded within.

Why the guidance matters

Charities constantly strive to increase their impact on beneficiaries, and including beneficiaries in governance can have real benefits, by: 

  • Strengthening understanding of user needs 
  • Improving relevance and quality of services 
  • Building trust and transparency 
  • Providing a different viewpoint to the board 

However,

However, these benefits are only realised where governance risks are actively managed. 

Who counts as a user trustee

The concept of “users” is broad. It can include direct beneficiaries, professionals supporting beneficiaries, and others who rely on a charity’s services (for example, carers, guardians and relatives).

Trustees may be referred to as committee members, governors, directors, or similar, depending on the governing document.

Involving users in the right way

When considering appointing user trustees, boards should: 

  • Focus on board needs first. Appointments must be driven by skills and governance requirements, not representation alone;
  • Assess suitability carefully. It won’t suit every charity, this model will not suit every charity, particularly where conflicts are likely to be significant
  • Apply the same legal standards. User trustees carry the same duties and liabilities as any other trustee

Key governance considerations

Common governance challenges include:

  • Conflicts of interest, particularly where trustees are closely connected to beneficiaries receiving services
  • Informal or unstructured recruitment, leading to gaps in skills or independence
  • Insufficient support, resulting in trustees being unable to fully discharge their responsibilities

Boards should therefore be particularly mindful of:

  • Documenting conflict decisions clearly
  • Maintaining independence in key decisions (e.g. remuneration, service provision)
  • Evidencing that all trustees, regardless of background, are able to act in the charity’s best interests

When user trusteeship works well

Beneficiary involvement is most effective when: 

  • The charity’s services affect beneficiaries’ daily lives
  • Lived experience is central to shaping services 
  • Recruitment is structured and aligned with board needs
  • Adequate support and governance structures are in place

How BKL can help

Our charities and not-for-profit specialists advise organisations of all sizes on governance and board composition. We help trustees assess board effectiveness, recruitment strategy and governance risks, combining technical expertise with practical experience as charity trustees and volunteers, including through BKL’s own charitable foundation.

To discuss how we can help, get in touch with Ed Passmore using the form below.

Contact our academies team

Frequently asked questions: Beneficiaries as charity trustees 

What is a user (beneficiary) trustee? 

A user trustee is a trustee who is also a beneficiary of the charity’s services, or closely connected to beneficiaries (such as carers, guardians or relatives). The Charity Commission’s definition of users is broad and includes anyone who relies on the charity’s services. 

Are charities allowed to appoint beneficiaries as trustees? 

Yes, although the charity’s governing document may limit who may/may not be appointed. It is not suitable for every charity and should be assessed carefully.

Do user trustees have the same responsibilities as other trustees? 

User trustees have the same legal duties, responsibilities and liabilities as any other trustee. This includes acting in the charity’s best interests, managing resources responsibly and complying with the governing document and the law. 

What are the main governance risks of appointing user trustees? 

Key risks include conflicts of interest (particularly where close family members or associates are involved), lack of familiarity with governance processes, and capacity to take responsibility for board-level decisions if appropriate support is not in place. 

How should conflicts of interest be managed? 

Charities should have clear conflict-of-interest policies and apply them consistently. Relatives and close associates of beneficiaries require particular care, as they may have a direct interest in how the charity operates. 

What support should charities provide to user trustees? 

User trustees may need additional support, covering induction, training and mentoring, to help them understand governance responsibilities and decision-making processes. 

How should user trustees be recruited or appointed? 

Best practice is to use structured and transparent appointment processes, with clear eligibility criteria and balanced representation on the board. A mix of user and non-user trustees helps maintain objectivity and a broad skills base. 

When does user trusteeship work best? 

User involvement tends to be most effective where the charity’s services have a direct impact on beneficiaries’ daily lives, lived experience informs service design, the board values co-production, and appropriate support structures are in place.